One Person Company (OPC)

One Person Company (OPC) in India

A One Person Company (OPC) is a unique business structure that allows a single individual to operate as both the shareholder and the director while enjoying limited liability protection. Introduced under the Companies Act, 2013, OPC registration was designed to encourage solo entrepreneurs by providing the benefits of a corporate entity without the complexities of multiple ownership.
This structure overcomes the limitations of a sole proprietorship, offering legal recognition, business credibility, and separation of personal and business liabilities. An OPC's main benefit is that the sole promoter has total control over decisions and is only liable for their investment.

OPC registration in India is now simpler through the MCA’s SPICe+ (Simplified Proforma for Incorporating Company Electronically Plus) web form, which also enables automatic EPFO and ESIC registration. This makes it an ideal choice for freelancers, small business owners, and startups looking for ease of incorporation with the benefits of a registered corporate structure.

FAQ's

The initial step in the company registration process is to secure a Digital Signature Certificate for the proposed director. 

After acquiring the Digital Signature Certificate (DSC), the next step is to apply for the Director Identification Number through the SPICe form. This integrated process allows DIN allotment for up to three proposed directors during company incorporation, eliminating the need for a separate application. 

In the One Person Company (OPC) registration process, the next step is selecting and reserving your company name. You can either apply through Form SPICe 32 or use the RUN (Reserve Unique Name) web service of the MCA by providing one preferred name with its significance. As per the revised rules effective March 23, 2018, applicants can propose up to two names and get one chance for resubmission if the initial choice is rejected. 

Attach all required documents to the SPICe Form, SPICe-MOA, and SPICe-AOA, affixed with the Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) of the proposed director and the certifying professional. Upload these forms to the MCA portal for approval. Once submitted, Form 49A and Form 49B will be generated for PAN and TAN allotment. These must be digitally signed and re-uploaded to the MCA site for processing. 

After verifying the submitted forms and documents, the Registrar of Companies (ROC) issues the Certificate of Incorporation. This certificate is legal proof of company formation, allowing the business to officially commence operations in India.

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